Securing MySQL on Linux

Introduction

MySQL is a very popular open source database. Due to its speed and stability it is used on millions of servers world wide. MySQL has a simple and effective security mechanism, however, many measures need to be taken to make a default installation secure. Whilst the measures described below will enable you to secure your database it is also important that you secure the underlying operating system as much as possible too.

Installation

It is important to run MySQL as its own user. In order to do so we need to create such a user and group.

# groupadd mysql
# useradd -c "MySQL Server" -d /dev/null -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

Install MySQL in /usr/local/mysql

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqld-user=mysql \
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
make
su
make install
strip /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld
scripts/mysql_install_db
chown -R root /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql

The configure option --with-mysqld-user=mysql enables MySQL to run as the mysql user. The --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static option makes it easier to chroot MySQL.

Copy the example configuration file from the MySQL source, support-files/my-medium.cnf, to /etc/my.cnf and set the appropriate permissions, chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf.

Once we have MySQL installed, test the installation. Start MySQL with /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & and log on as the root user, mysql -u root. If you see the MySQL prompt we know the database is running we can proceed to chroot it. If the installation is not working examine the log files to find out what the problem is. Otherwise shutdown the server, /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root shutdown

Chrooting MySQL

First, create the necessary directory structure for the database.

mkdir -p /chroot/mysql/dev /chroot/mysql/etc /chroot/mysql/tmp /chroot/mysql/var/tmp /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/libexec /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english

Now set the correct directory permissions

chown -R root:sys /chroot/mysql
chmod -R 755 /chroot/mysql
chmod 1777 /chroot/mysql/tmp

Once the directories are set up, copy the server's files:

cp /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/libexec/
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english/
cp -r /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/
cp /etc/hosts /chroot/mysql/etc/
cp /etc/host.conf /chroot/mysql/etc/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /chroot/mysql/etc/
cp /etc/group /chroot/mysql/etc/
cp /etc/master.passwd /chroot/mysql/etc/passwords
cp /etc/my.cnf /chroot/mysql/etc/

Finally, copy the mysql databases which contain the grant tables storing the MySQL access privileges:

cp -R /usr/local/mysql/var/ /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/var
chown -R mysql:mysql /chroot/mysql/usr/local/mysql/var

As with Apache, we need to create null device:

mknod /chroot/mysql/dev/null c 2 2
chown root:sys /chroot/mysql/dev/null
chmod 666 /chroot/mysql/dev/null

We need to edit the password and groups files to remove any entries bar the mysql user and group.

/etc/passwd:
mysql:x:12347:12348:MySQL Server:/dev/null:/bin/false

/etc/group:
mysql:x:12347:

In order for PHP to be able to access MySQL we need to create a link to mysql.sock, ln /chroot/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock /chroot/httpd/tmp/. /chroot/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock and /chroot/httpd/tmp/ need to be on same filesystem. This needs to be done every time we startup the MySQL server (the example startup script below handles this).

To run MySQL in a chrooted environment as a user other than root, we need the chrootuid program. Once we have installed chrootuid, test the server: chrootuid /chroot/mysql mysql /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld &. This will run our server as the mysql user.


The MySQL root User and Default Accounts

The MySQL root user should not be confused with the system root user. By default, the MySQL root user has no password. You can check this with mysql -u root, if you get a mysql prompt, no root password is set. The first thing we should do is set a strong password for this user. Never give the system root password to the MySQL root user.

To set the initial root password open a mysql prompt, mysql -u root mysql, and enter the following:

mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new_password')
-> WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Don't forget to FLUSH PRIVILEGES; to make the privileges effective.

As well as setting the root password, we should remove anonymous accounts:

mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE User = '';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Alternatively set a password for the anonymous accounts:

mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('new_password')
-> WHERE User = '';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

MySQL Privilege System and MySQL Users

The MySQL privilege system allows for authentication of users connecting from specific hosts. Authenticated users can be assigned privileges such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE etc on a per database, table, column or host basis. When a user connects, MySQL first checks if that user is authorized to connect, based on the host and supplied password. If the user is allowed to connect, MySQL will then check each statement to see if the user is allowed to perform the requested action.

When creating new MySQL users, always give the user a strong password and never store passwords as plain text. Only allow the minimum amount of privileges for a user to accomplish a task and set those privileges on a per database basis. Some extra time spent planning what privileges to assign to users will go a long way in ensuring the security of your data.

You can create a new user with specific privileges using the GRANT statement. For example:

GRANT USAGE ON myapp.* TO 'someuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

This statement will create a user MySQL named someuser who has access to all tables in the myapp database. The USAGE option sets all of the user's privileges to 'No', meaning you must enable specific privileges later. You may replace USAGE with a list of specific privileges. IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass' sets the accounts password to 'some_pass', GRANT automatically encrypts the password for you. Finally, this user can only connect from localhost. FLUSH PRIVILEGES; is needed to make privilege changes effective.

MySQL access privileges are stored in the grant tables of the mysql database. You should never grant normal users privileges to edit entries in the mysql database. That right should be reserved for the root user. There are several tables in the mysql database which allow for a fine grained level of control over user privileges.

The user table is the most important of the MySQL grant tables. It contains the username and password for the user as well as the host from which a user can connect. There are are also many fields specifying a wide range of privileges such as SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, FILE, PROCESS. You should examine this table and the MySQL manual yourself to become familiar with all of the options available. Setting a value of 'N' for a field disables the privilege and 'Y' enables it.

You can change privileges using an SQL UPDATE query or the GRANT statement. If you are using SQL statements such as UPDATE or INSERT to update or set user passwords, be sure to use the PASSWORD() function to encrypt the password in the database. Finally, remember to FLUSH PRIVILEGES; for any changes you make to become effective. eg

UPDATE user SET Host='localhost', Password=PASSWORD('new_pass'),
Reload_priv='Y', Process_priv='Y' WHERE
User='admin';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Of the different privileges, most are self-explanatory, however some bear special consideration. The PROCESS or SUPER should never be given to untrusted users. A user with these privileges may run mysqladmin processlist which shows a list of currently executing queries. This list could potentially reveal sensitive data such as passwords.

The FILE should also not be granted lightly. This privilege allows users to read and write files anywhere on the filesystem to which the mysqld process has access.

Privileges which system administrative rights or database administrative rights, such as FILE, GRANT, ALTER, SHOW DATABASE, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, SUPER, should not generally be given to accounts used by specific applications, especially web based applications. Furthermore, accounts for specific applications should only have access to the databases related to that specific application.

The other tables in the mysql database give an even finer grained level of control over privileges:

db - controls the access of users to specific databases.

tables_priv - controls the access of users to specific tables.

columns_priv - controls the access of users to specific columns of a table.

hosts - specify the actions which can be performed from a particular host.

One final thing to note is that, if you don't completely trust your DNS, use IP numbers in grant tables in place of host names. This makes it more difficult to spoof hosts.

Local Security

There are a number of measures we need to take to improve security on the local machine. Most importantly, never run mysqld as root as, among other risks, any user with the FILE privilege will then be capable of creating files as the root user.

We should also make sure that only the mysql user has read write access to database directory. Data in the database files can easily be viewed with any text editor, therefore any user with read or write access to the files could read or alter data, by-passing MySQL's privileges.

The mysql command history is stored in $HOME/.mysql_history. This may show up sensitive information such as passwords. You should clear the file with echo > $HOME/.mysql_history. To prevent the file being written to in the future, link the .mysql_history files of administrative users to /dev/null, ln -s /dev/null .mysql_history

If you are only using MySQL on the local machine, for example, for PHP web based applications, in /chroot/mysql/etc/my.cnf add the line skip-networking to the [mysqld] section. This will disable all TCP networking features of the MySQL daemon.

We can also disable the use of the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE command which allows reading of local files and is potentially dangerous. Add the line set-variable=local-infile=0 to the [mysqld] section of /chroot/mysql/etc/my.cnf.

Finally, add the line socket = /chroot/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock to the [client] section of /etc/my.cnf. Notice that we are adding this line to /etc/my.cnf not /chroot/mysql/etc/my.cnf. This is because, while the MySQL server daemon will use /chroot/mysql/etc/my.cnf, our MySQL administrative programs such as mysqladmin are not in our chroot and will therefore read configuration from /etc/my.cnf.

Securing Remote Access

The most important step in securing remote access to your MySQL server is in having a firewall. Your firewall should only allow trusted hosts access to MySQL's port, 3306. Better still, is to firewall off your MySQL server altogether and only allow access through an SSH tunnel as described below.

Always use passwords for user accounts, even for trusted client programs. The password in a mysql connection is sent encrypted, however, in versions prior to 4.1.1 encryption was not particularly strong. In version 4.1.1 the encryption algorithm was much improved.

Even though the password is sent encrypted, data is sent as plain text. If you are connecting across an untrusted network, you should use an SSH encrypted tunnel. SSH tunneling allows us to connect to a MySQL server from behind a firewall, even when the MySQL port is blocked. To set up tunnel, use the command ssh ssh_server -L 5001:mysql_server:3306 sleep 99999. You need not have direct access to mysql_server, provided ssh_server does. Now you can connect to port 5001 on the local machine with your favorite database client and the connection will be forwarded silently to the remote machine in an encrypted ssh tunnel.

Backup

It is important to make regular backups of your databases. MySQL includes two utilities which make this easy, mysqlhotcopy and mysqldump.

To use mysqlhotcopy, a user needs access to the files for the tables that they are backing up, the SELECT privilege for those tables, and the RELOAD privilege (in order to execute FLUSH TABLES). A database can be backed up using mysqlhotcopy db_name [/path/to/backup_db_dir].

mysqldump supports more options and is especially useful for copying databases between servers, backing up multiple databases at once or making backups of the database structure only. Databases can be backed up using one of the following commands:

mysqldump [options] db_name [tables]
mysqldump [options] --databases DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
mysqldump [options] --all-databases

For example, you can back-up all your databases and compress them in one go with the command:

date=`date -I`; mysqldump --opt --all-databases -u user --password="your_pass" | bzip2 -c > databasebackup-$date.sql.bz2

The --opt option is shorthand for --add-drop-table --add-locks --create-options --disable-keys --extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset. This should create a back-up which is quick and easy to restore. In fact this option is enabled by default in versions 4.1 and later, you can disable it with --skip-opt.

To restore a database from a file created by mysqldump you just need mysql -u user -p db_name < backup-file.sql. The -p option will have mysql prompt for a password. Server Startup The following script can be used for starting your MySQL server.

#!/bin/sh CHROOT_MYSQL=/chroot/mysql CHROOT_PHP=/chroot/httpd SOCKET=/tmp/mysql.sock MYSQLD=/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld PIDFILE=/usr/local/mysql/var/`hostname`.pid CHROOTUID=/usr/local/sbin/chrootuid echo -n " mysql" case "$1" in start) rm -rf ${CHROOT_PHP}/${SOCKET} nohup ${CHROOTUID} ${CHROOT_MYSQL} mysql ${MYSQLD} >/dev/null 2>&1 &
sleep 5 && ln ${CHROOT_MYSQL}/${SOCKET} ${CHROOT_PHP}/${SOCKET}
;;
stop)
kill `cat ${CHROOT_MYSQL}/${PIDFILE}`
rm -rf ${CHROOT_MYSQL}/${SOCKET}
;;
*)
echo ""
echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
exit 64
;;
esac
exit 0

Summary

The procedures we have seen will reduce the risk of a potential break in to our database server. MySQL's extensive privilege system allows us to protect the data stored within our database. As always we should remain diligent, and be sure to apply patches and upgrades to our server as and when they become available.

Hardening of LAMP Server; Links

A complete Ubuntu LAMP Server hardening 

http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/hardening_linux?page=0%2C0


Hardening the apache LAMP server avoiding attacks

http://secure-ubuntu-server.blogspot.com/2009/07/howto-hardening-your-apache-and-php-on_07.html

Activate the AppArmor for apache2

http://samiux.wordpress.com/2009/06/16/howto-security-enhanced-your-ubuntu-9-04-lamp-server-with-apparmor/

Activating the Chrootkits:

http://samiux.wordpress.com/2009/06/13/howto-make-sure-no-rootkit-on-your-ubuntu-9-04-server/

lamp server security Basics:

https://scifi.homelinux.net/mediawiki/index.php/Hardening_a_LAMP_server

#----------------------------BASIC SECURITY RESTRICTIONS------------------------------------

#Enable ip forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

#Disabling IP Spoofing attacks
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/ rp_filter

#Don't respond to broadcast pings
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ ignore_broadcasts

#Block source routing
echo 0 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/ accept_source_route

#Kill timestamps. These have been the subject of a recent bugtraq
#thread
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ timestamps

#Enable SYN Cookies
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ syncookies

#Kill ICMP redirects
echo 0 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/ accept_redirects

#Enable bad error message protection
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ ignore_bogus_error_responses

#Allow dynamic ip addresses
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr

#Log martians (packets with impossible addresses)
#RiVaL said that certain NICs don't like this. Comment out if necessary.
# echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/ log_martians

#Set out local port range
echo "32768 61000" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_ port_range

#PING OF DEATH
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -m limit --limit 3/second -j ACCEPT

#SYN-FLOOD PROTECTION
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn -m limit --limit 1/s -j ACCEPT
#----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------

#--------------------------- DENIAL OF SERVICE-----------------------------------

#Reduce DoS'ing ability by timeouts
echo 30 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_ timeout
echo 1800 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_window_scaling
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_sack
echo 1280 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What to tune in MySQL Server after installation

key_buffer_size – Very important if you use MyISAM tables. Set up to 30-40% of available memory if you use MyISAM tables exclusively. Right size depends on amount of indexes, data size and workload – remember MyISAM uses OS cache to cache the data so you need to leave memory for it as well, and data can be much larger than indexes in many cases. Check however if all of key_buffer is used over time – it is not rare to see key_buffer being set to 4G while combined size of .MYI files is just 1GB. This would be just a waste. If you use few MyISAM tables you’ll want to keep it lower but still at least 16-32Mb so it is large enough to accommodate indexes for temporary tables which are created on disk.

innodb_buffer_pool_size This is very important variable to tune if you’re using Innodb tables. Innodb tables are much more sensitive to buffer size compared to MyISAM. MyISAM may work kind of OK with default key_buffer_size even with large data set but it will crawl with default innodb_buffer_pool_size. Also Innodb buffer pool caches both data and index pages so you do not need to leave space for OS cache so values up to 70-80% of memory often make sense for Innodb only installations. Same rules as for key_buffer apply – if you have small data set and it is not going to grow dramatically do not oversize innodb_buffer_pool_size you might find better use for memory available.

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size This one does not really affect performance too much, at least on OS with decent memory allocators. Still you might want to have it 20MB (sometimes larger) so you can see how much memory Innodb allocates for misc needs.

innodb_log_file_size Very important for write intensive workloads especially for large data sets. Larger sizes offer better performance but increase recovery times so be careful. I normally use values 64M-512M depending on server size.

innodb_log_buffer_size Default for this one is kind of OK for many workloads with medium write load and shorter transactions. If you have update activity spikes however or work with blobs a lot you might want to increase it. Do not set it too high however as it would be waste of memory – it is flushed every 1 sec anyway so you do not need space for more than 1 sec worth of updates. 8MB-16MB are typically enough. Smaller installations should use smaller values.

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit Crying about Innodb being 100 times slower than MyISAM ? You probably forgot to adjust this value. Default value of 1 will mean each update transaction commit (or each statement outside of transaction) will need to flush log to the disk which is rather expensive, especially if you do not have Battery backed up cache. Many applications, especially those moved from MyISAM tables are OK with value 2 which means do not flush log to the disk but only flush it to OS cache. The log is still flushed to the disk each second so you normally would not loose more than 1-2 sec worth of updates. Value 0 is a bit faster but is a bit less secure as you can lose transactions even in case MySQL Server crashes. Value 2 only cause data loss with full OS crash.

table_cache – Opening tables can be expensive. For example MyISAM tables mark MYI header to mark table as currently in use. You do not want this to happen so frequently and it is typically best to size your cache so it is large enough to keep most of your tables open. It uses some OS resources and some memory but for modern hardware it is typically not the problem. 1024 is good value for applications with couple hundreds tables (remember each connection needs its own entry) if you have many connections or many tables increase it larger. I’ve seen values over 100.000 used.

thread_cache Thread creation/destructions can be expensive, which happen at each connect/disconnect. I normally set this value to at least 16. If application has large jumps in amount of concurrent connections and I see fast growth of
Threads_Created variable I boost it higher. The goal is not to have threads created in normal operation.

query_cache_size If your application is read intensive and you do not have application level caches this can be great help. Do not set it too large as it may slow things down as its maintenance may get expensive. Values from 32M to 512M normally make sense. Check it however after a while and see if it is well used. For certain workloads cache hit ratio is lower than would justify having it enabled.

Note: as you can see all of these are global variables. These variables depend on hardware and mix of storage engines, while per session variables are typically workload specific. If you have simple queries there is no reason to increase sort_buffer_size even if you have 64GB of memory to waste. Furthermore doing so may decrease performance.
I normally leave per session variable tuning to second step after I can analyze workload.

P.S Note MySQL distribution contains bunch of sample my.cnf files which may be great templates to use. Typically they would already be much better than defaults if you chose correct one.

MYSQL BACKUP.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

#
# Created 2005-06-24 by Matthew Montgomery - mmontgom@rackspace.com
#
# Change: 2006-06-01 by Matthew Montgomery
# Add support for ibbbackup for InnoDB tables
# Add support for MySQL 4.1 and 5.0
#

DATE=`date -I`
DATADIR="/var/lib/mysql"
BASE_DIR="/mnt/drive2/backup"
BACKUP_DIR="$BASE_DIR/current"
INTERVAL="$1"
RETENTION=14 # days
HOST=`hostname -s`
MYVERSION=`mysql -Bse "SELECT substring_index(version(),'.',2)"`
### Uncomment this line to specify the path to and enable ibbackup for hotcopy of InnoDB tables.
# IBBACKUP="/usr/local/bin/ibbackup"

if [ "$MYVERSION" = '4.1' ] || [ "$MYVERSION" = '5.0' ] ; then
PURGELOGS='mysql -e "PURGE MASTER LOGS BEFORE DATE_SUB( NOW(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR )"'
elif [ $MYVERSION = '3.23' -o "$MYVERSION" = '4.0' ]; then
PURGELOGS='mysql -e "RESET MASTER"'
else
echo "UNSUPPORTED MYSQL VERSION"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! $1 ];
then
read -p "Backup Interval? (Hourly|Daily) : " INTERVAL
fi

case $INTERVAL in
hourly | HOURLY | Hourly | 1 )
echo "Performing HOURLY level backup -- `date`"
mysql -e "FLUSH LOGS"
if [ -d $BASE_DIR/$DATE ] && [ "$MYVERSION" = '4.1' -o "$MYVERSION" = '5.0' ] ; then
rsync -aub $DATADIR/$HOST-bin.?????? $BASE_DIR/$DATE
elif [ -d $BASE_DIR/$DATE ] && [ "$MYVERSION" = '3.23' -o "$MYVERSION" = '4.0' ] ; then
rsync -aub $DATADIR/$HOST-bin.??? $BASE_DIR/$DATE
else
echo "No destination dir! please run daily backup first." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
sleep 1
find $BASE_DIR -size 98c -exec rm -rf '{}' \;
exit 0
;;
daily | DAILY | Daily | 2 )
echo "Performing DAILY level backup -- `date`"
if [ ! -d $BACKUP_DIR ];
then
echo Creating $BACKUP_DIR
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
fi

if [ ! -z "$IBBACKUP" ] ; then
$IBBACKUP /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.ibbackup 2>&1
$IBBACKUP --apply-log /etc/my.cnf.ibbackup 2>&1
rm $BACKUP_DIR/ibbackup_logfile
fi
mysqlhotcopy --regexp=.* $BACKUP_DIR
chown -R mysql: $BACKUP_DIR/
mv $BACKUP_DIR $BASE_DIR/$DATE
eval $PURGELOGS
find $BASE_DIR -ctime +$RETENTION -exec rm -rf '{}' \;
exit 0
;;
* )
echo "Invalid Selection" 1>&2
exit 1
esac

MySQL performance tuning primer script

#!/bin/sh

#########################################################################
# #
# MySQL performance tuning primer script #
# Writen by: Matthew Montgomery #
# Inspired by: MySQLARd (http://gert.sos.be/demo/mysqlar/) #
# Version: 1.5-r2 Released: 2009-04-21 #
# Licenced under GPLv2 #
# #
#########################################################################

#########################################################################
# #
# Little known feature: 1st argument is execution mode #
# #
# Usage: ./tuning-primer.sh [ mode ] #
# #
# Available Modes: #
# all : perform all checks (default) #
# prompt : prompt for login credintials and socket #
# and execution mode #
# mem, memory : run checks for tunable options which #
# effect memory usage #
# disk, file : run checks for options which effect #
# i/o performance or file handle limits #
# innodb : run InnoDB checks /* to be improved */ #
# misc : run checks for that don't categorise #
# well Slow Queries, Binary logs, #
# Used Connections and Worker Threads #
#########################################################################
# #
# Set this socket variable ONLY if you have multiple instances running #
# or we are unable to find your socket, and you don't want to to be #
# prompted for input each time you run this script. #
# #
#########################################################################
socket=

cecho ()

## -- Function to easliy print colored text -- ##

# Color-echo.
# Argument $1 = message
# Argument $2 = color
{
export black='\e[0m\c'
export boldblack='\e[1;0m\c'
export red='\e[31m\c'
export boldred='\e[1;31m\c'
export green='\e[32m\c'
export boldgreen='\e[1;32m\c'
export yellow='\e[33m\c'
export boldyellow='\e[1;33m\c'
export blue='\e[34m\c'
export boldblue='\e[1;34m\c'
export magenta='\e[35m\c'
export boldmagenta='\e[1;35m\c'
export cyan='\e[36m\c'
export boldcyan='\e[1;36m\c'
export white='\e[37m\c'
export boldwhite='\e[1;37m\c'

local default_msg="No message passed."
# Doesn't really need to be a local variable.

message=${1:-$default_msg} # Defaults to default message.
color=${2:-$black} # Defaults to black, if not specified.

echo -e "$color"
echo -e "$message"
tput sgr0 # Reset to normal.
echo -e "$black"
return
}

print_banner () {

## -- Banner -- ##

cecho "\t\c " $black
cecho "-- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER --" $boldblue
cecho "\t - By: Matthew Montgomery -" $black

}

## -- Find the location of the mysql.sock file -- ##

check_for_socket () {
if [ -z "$socket" ] ; then
# Use ~/my.cnf version
if [ -f ~/.my.cnf ] ; then
cnf_socket=$(grep ^socket ~/.my.cnf | awk -F \= '{ print $2 }' | head -1)
fi
if [ -S "$cnf_socket" ] ; then
socket=$cnf_socket
elif [ -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ] ; then
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
elif [ -S /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ] ; then
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
elif [ -S /tmp/mysql.sock ] ; then
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
else
if [ -S "$ps_socket" ] ; then
socket=$ps_socket
fi
fi
fi
if [ -S "$socket" ] ; then
echo UP > /dev/null
else
cecho "\c"
cecho "No valid socket file \"$socket\" found!" $boldred
cecho "The mysqld process is not running or it is installed in a custom location." $red
cecho "If you are sure mysqld is running, execute script in \"prompt\" mode or set " $red
cecho "the socket= variable at the top of this script" $red
exit 1
fi
}


check_for_plesk_passwords () {

## -- Check for the existance of plesk and login using it's credentials -- ##

if [ -f /etc/psa/.psa.shadow ] ; then
mysql="mysql -S $socket -u admin -p$(cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow)"
mysqladmin="mysqladmin -S $socket -u admin -p$(cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow)"
else
mysql="mysql"
mysqladmin="mysqladmin"
# mysql="mysql -S $socket"
# mysqladmin="mysqladmin -S $socket"
fi
}

check_mysql_login () {

## -- Test for running mysql -- ##

is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
echo UP > /dev/null
# echo $is_up
elif [ "$is_up" != "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
cecho "\n\c"
cecho "Using login values from ~/.my.cnf\n"
cecho "- INITIAL LOGIN ATTEMPT FAILED -\n" $boldred
if [ -z $prompted ] ; then
find_webmin_passwords
else
return 1
fi

else
cecho "Unknow exit status" $red
exit -1
fi
}

final_login_attempt () {
is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
echo UP > /dev/null
elif [ "$is_up" != "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
cecho "- FINAL LOGIN ATTEMPT FAILED -\n" $boldred
cecho "Unable to log into socket: $socket" $boldred
exit 1
fi
}

second_login_failed () {

## -- create a ~/.my.cnf and exit when all else fails -- ##

cecho "Could not auto detect login info!\n"
cecho "Found Sockets: \n$found_socks\n"
cecho "Using: $socket" $red
read -p "Would you like to provide a different socket?: [y/N] " REPLY
case $REPLY in
yes | y | Y | YES)
read -p "Socket: " socket
;;
esac
read -p "Do you have your login handy ? [y/N] : " REPLY
case $REPLY in
yes | y | Y | YES)
answer1='yes'
read -p "User: " user
read -rp "Password: " pass
if [ -z $pass ] ; then
export mysql="$mysql -S$socket -u$user"
export mysqladmin="$mysqladmin -S$socket -u$user"
else
export mysql="$mysql -S$socket -u$user -p$pass"
export mysqladmin="$mysqladmin -S$socket -u$user -p$pass"
fi
;;
*)
cecho "\nPlease create a valid login to MySQL"
cecho "Or, set correct values for 'user=' and 'password=' in ~/.my.cnf"
;;
esac
cecho "\n\c"
read -p "Would you like me to create a ~/.my.cnf file for you? [y/N] : " REPLY
case $REPLY in
yes | y | Y | YES)
answer2='yes'
if [ ! -f ~/.my.cnf ] ; then
umask 077
echo -e "[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass\nsocket=$socket" > ~/.my.cnf
if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
exit 1
else
final_login_attempt
return 0
fi
else
cecho "\n~/.my.cnf already exists!\n" $boldred
read -p "Replace ? [y/N] : " REPLY
if [ "$REPLY" = 'y' ] || [ "$REPLY" = 'Y' ] ; then
echo -e "[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass\socket=$socket" > ~/.my.cnf
if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
exit 1
else
final_login_attempt
return 0
fi
else
cecho "Please set the 'user=' and 'password=' and 'socket=' values in ~/.my.cnf"
exit 1
fi
fi
;;
*)
if [ "$answer1" != 'yes' ] ; then
exit 1
else
final_login_attempt
return 0
fi
;;
esac
}

find_webmin_passwords () {

## -- populate the .my.cnf file using values harvested from Webmin -- ##

cecho "Testing for stored webmin passwords:\c"
if [ -f /etc/webmin/mysql/config ] ; then
user=$(grep ^login= /etc/webmin/mysql/config | cut -d "=" -f 2)
pass=$(grep ^pass= /etc/webmin/mysql/config | cut -d "=" -f 2)
if [ $user ] && [ $pass ] && [ ! -f ~/.my.cnf ] ; then
cecho "Setting login info as User: $user Password: $pass"
touch ~/.my.cnf
chmod 600 ~/.my.cnf
echo -e "[client]\nuser=$user\npassword=$pass" > ~/.my.cnf
cecho "Retrying login"
is_up=$($mysqladmin ping 2>&1)
if [ "$is_up" = "mysqld is alive" ] ; then
echo UP > /dev/null
else
second_login_failed
fi
echo
else
second_login_failed
echo
fi
else
cecho " None Found\n" $boldred
second_login_failed
fi
}

#########################################################################
# #
# Function to pull MySQL status variable #
# #
# Call using : #
# mysql_status \'Mysql_status_variable\' bash_dest_variable #
# #
#########################################################################

mysql_status () {
local status=$($mysql -Bse "show /*!50000 global */ status like $1" | awk '{ print $2 }')
export "$2"=$status
}

#########################################################################
# #
# Function to pull MySQL server runtime variable #
# #
# Call using : #
# mysql_variable \'Mysql_server_variable\' bash_dest_variable #
# - OR - #
# mysql_variableTSV \'Mysql_server_variable\' bash_dest_variable #
# #
#########################################################################

mysql_variable () {
local variable=$($mysql -Bse "show /*!50000 global */ variables like $1" | awk '{ print $2 }')
export "$2"=$variable
}
mysql_variableTSV () {
local variable=$($mysql -Bse "show /*!50000 global */ variables like $1" | awk -F \t '{ print $2 }')
export "$2"=$variable
}

float2int () {
local variable=$(echo "$1 / 1" | bc -l)
export "$2"=$variable
}

divide () {

# -- Divide two intigers -- #

usage="$0 dividend divisor '$variable' scale"
if [ $1 -ge 1 ] ; then
dividend=$1
else
cecho "Invalid Dividend" $red
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
if [ $2 -ge 1 ] ; then
divisor=$2
else
cecho "Invalid Divisor" $red
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -n $3 ] ; then
cecho "Invalid variable name" $red
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
if [ -z $4 ] ; then
scale=2
elif [ $4 -ge 0 ] ; then
scale=$4
else
cecho "Invalid scale" $red
echo $usage
exit 1
fi
export $3=$(echo "scale=$scale; $dividend / $divisor" | bc -l)
}

human_readable () {

#########################################################################
# #
# Convert a value in to human readable size and populate a variable #
# with the result. #
# #
# Call using: #
# human_readable $value 'variable name' [ places of precision] #
# #
#########################################################################

## value=$1
## variable=$2
scale=$3

if [ $1 -ge 1073741824 ] ; then
if [ -z $3 ] ; then
scale=2
fi
divide $1 1073741824 "$2" $scale
unit="G"
elif [ $1 -ge 1048576 ] ; then
if [ -z $3 ] ; then
scale=0
fi
divide $1 1048576 "$2" $scale
unit="M"
elif [ $1 -ge 1024 ] ; then
if [ -z $3 ] ; then
scale=0
fi
divide $1 1024 "$2" $scale
unit="K"
else
export "$2"=$1
unit="bytes"
fi
# let "$2"=$HR
}

human_readable_time () {

########################################################################
# #
# Function to produce human readable time #
# #
########################################################################

usage="$0 seconds 'variable'"
if [ -z $1 ] || [ -z $2 ] ; then
cecho $usage $red
exit 1
fi
days=$(echo "scale=0 ; $1 / 86400" | bc -l)
remainder=$(echo "scale=0 ; $1 % 86400" | bc -l)
hours=$(echo "scale=0 ; $remainder / 3600" | bc -l)
remainder=$(echo "scale=0 ; $remainder % 3600" | bc -l)
minutes=$(echo "scale=0 ; $remainder / 60" | bc -l)
seconds=$(echo "scale=0 ; $remainder % 60" | bc -l)
export $2="$days days $hours hrs $minutes min $seconds sec"
}

check_mysql_version () {

## -- Print Version Info -- ##

mysql_variable \'version\' mysql_version
mysql_variable \'version_compile_machine\' mysql_version_compile_machine

if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] ; then
cecho "MySQL Version $mysql_version $mysql_version_compile_machine is EOL please upgrade to MySQL 4.1 or later" $boldred
else
cecho "MySQL Version $mysql_version $mysql_version_compile_machine"
fi


}

post_uptime_warning () {

#########################################################################
# #
# Present a reminder that mysql must run for a couple of days to #
# build up good numbers in server status variables before these tuning #
# suggestions should be used. #
# #
#########################################################################

mysql_status \'Uptime\' uptime
mysql_status \'Threads_connected\' threads
queries_per_sec=$(($questions/$uptime))
human_readable_time $uptime uptimeHR

cecho "Uptime = $uptimeHR"
cecho "Avg. qps = $queries_per_sec"
cecho "Total Questions = $questions"
cecho "Threads Connected = $threads"
echo

if [ $uptime -gt 172800 ] ; then
cecho "Server has been running for over 48hrs."
cecho "It should be safe to follow these recommendations"
else
cecho "Warning: \c" $boldred
cecho "Server has not been running for at least 48hrs." $boldred
cecho "It may not be safe to use these recommendations" $boldred

fi
echo ""
cecho "To find out more information on how each of these" $red
cecho "runtime variables effects performance visit:" $red
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.1' ] ; then
cecho "http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/server-system-variables.html" $boldblue
elif [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
cecho "http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/server-system-variables.html" $boldblue
else
cecho "UNSUPPORTED MYSQL VERSION" $boldred
exit 1
fi
cecho "Visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html" $boldblue
cecho "for info about MySQL's Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service" $boldblue
}

check_slow_queries () {

## -- Slow Queries -- ##

cecho "SLOW QUERIES" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Slow_queries\' slow_queries
mysql_variable \'long_query_time\' long_query_time
mysql_variable \'log%queries\' log_slow_queries

prefered_query_time=5
if [ -e /etc/my.cnf ] ; then
if [ -z $log_slow_queries ] ; then
log_slow_queries=$(grep log-slow-queries /etc/my.cnf)
fi
fi

if [ "$log_slow_queries" = 'ON' ] ; then
cecho "The slow query log is enabled."
elif [ "$log_slow_queries" = 'OFF' ] ; then
cecho "The slow query log is \c"
cecho "NOT \c" $boldred
cecho "enabled."
elif [ -z $log_slow_queries ] ; then
cecho "The slow query log is \c"
cecho "NOT \c" $boldred
cecho "enabled."
else
cecho "Error: $log_slow_queries" $boldred
fi
cecho "Current long_query_time = $long_query_time sec."
cecho "You have \c"
cecho "$slow_queries \c" $boldred
cecho "out of \c"
cecho "$questions \c" $boldred
cecho "that take longer than $long_query_time sec. to complete"

if [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ]; then
float2int long_query_time long_query_timeInt
else
long_query_timeInt=$(($long_query_time))
fi

if [ $long_query_timeInt -gt $prefered_query_time ] ; then
cecho "Your long_query_time may be too high, I typically set this under $prefered_query_time sec." $red
else
cecho "Your long_query_time seems to be fine" $green
fi

}

check_binary_log () {

## -- Binary Log -- ##

cecho "BINARY UPDATE LOG" $boldblue

mysql_variable \'log_bin\' log_bin
mysql_variable \'max_binlog_size\' max_binlog_size
mysql_variable \'expire_logs_days\' expire_logs_days
mysql_variable \'sync_binlog\' sync_binlog
# mysql_variable \'max_binlog_cache_size\' max_binlog_cache_size

if [ "$log_bin" = 'ON' ] ; then
cecho "The binary update log is enabled"
if [ -z "$max_binlog_size" ] ; then
cecho "The max_binlog_size is not set. The binary log will rotate when it reaches 1GB." $red
fi
if [ "$expire_logs_days" -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "The expire_logs_days is not set." $boldred
cecho "The mysqld will retain the entire binary log until \c" $red
cecho "RESET MASTER or PURGE MASTER LOGS commands are run manually" $red
cecho "Setting expire_logs_days will allow you to remove old binary logs automatically" $yellow
cecho "See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/purge-master-logs.html" $yellow
fi
if [ "$sync_binlog" = 0 ] ; then
cecho "Binlog sync is not enabled, you could loose binlog records during a server crash" $red
fi
else
cecho "The binary update log is \c"
cecho "NOT \c" $boldred
cecho "enabled."
cecho "You will not be able to do point in time recovery" $red
cecho "See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/$major_version/en/point-in-time-recovery.html" $yellow
fi
}

check_used_connections () {

## -- Used Connections -- ##

mysql_variable \'max_connections\' max_connections
mysql_status \'Max_used_connections\' max_used_connections
mysql_status \'Threads_connected\' threads_connected

connections_ratio=$(($max_used_connections*100/$max_connections))

cecho "MAX CONNECTIONS" $boldblue
cecho "Current max_connections = $max_connections"
cecho "Current threads_connected = $threads_connected"
cecho "Historic max_used_connections = $max_used_connections"
cecho "The number of used connections is \c"
if [ $connections_ratio -ge 85 ] ; then
txt_color=$red
error=1
elif [ $connections_ratio -le 10 ] ; then
txt_color=$red
error=2
else
txt_color=$green
error=0
fi
# cecho "$max_used_connections \c" $txt_color
# cecho "which is \c"
cecho "$connections_ratio% \c" $txt_color
cecho "of the configured maximum."

if [ $error -eq 1 ] ; then
cecho "You should raise max_connections" $txt_color
elif [ $error -eq 2 ] ; then
cecho "You are using less than 10% of your configured max_connections." $txt_color
cecho "Lowering max_connections could help to avoid an over-allocation of memory" $txt_color
cecho "See \"MEMORY USAGE\" section to make sure you are not over-allocating" $txt_color
else
cecho "Your max_connections variable seems to be fine." $txt_color
fi
unset txt_color
}

check_threads() {

## -- Worker Threads -- ##

cecho "WORKER THREADS" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Threads_created\' threads_created1
sleep 1
mysql_status \'Threads_created\' threads_created2

mysql_status \'Threads_cached\' threads_cached
mysql_status \'Uptime\' uptime
mysql_variable \'thread_cache_size\' thread_cache_size

historic_threads_per_sec=$(($threads_created1/$uptime))
current_threads_per_sec=$(($threads_created2-$threads_created1))

cecho "Current thread_cache_size = $thread_cache_size"
cecho "Current threads_cached = $threads_cached"
cecho "Current threads_per_sec = $current_threads_per_sec"
cecho "Historic threads_per_sec = $historic_threads_per_sec"

if [ $historic_threads_per_sec -ge 2 ] && [ $threads_cached -le 1 ] ; then
cecho "Threads created per/sec are overrunning threads cached" $red
cecho "You should raise thread_cache_size" $red
elif [ $current_threads_per_sec -ge 2 ] ; then
cecho "Threads created per/sec are overrunning threads cached" $red
cecho "You should raise thread_cache_size" $red
else
cecho "Your thread_cache_size is fine" $green
fi
}

check_key_buffer_size () {

## -- Key buffer Size -- ##

cecho "KEY BUFFER" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Key_read_requests\' key_read_requests
mysql_status \'Key_reads\' key_reads
mysql_status \'Key_blocks_used\' key_blocks_used
mysql_status \'Key_blocks_unused\' key_blocks_unused
mysql_variable \'key_cache_block_size\' key_cache_block_size
mysql_variable \'key_buffer_size\' key_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'datadir\' datadir
mysql_variable \'version_compile_machine\' mysql_version_compile_machine
myisam_indexes=$($mysql -Bse "/*!50000 SELECT SUM(INDEX_LENGTH) from information_schema.TABLES where ENGINE='MyISAM' */")

if [ -z $myisam_indexes ] ; then
myisam_indexes=$(find $datadir -name '*.MYI' -exec du $duflags '{}' \; 2>&1 | awk '{ s += $1 } END { printf("%.0f\n", s )}')
fi

if [ $key_reads -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "No key reads?!" $boldred
cecho "Seriously look into using some indexes" $red
key_cache_miss_rate=0
key_buffer_free=$(echo "$key_blocks_unused * $key_cache_block_size / $key_buffer_size * 100" | bc -l )
key_buffer_freeRND=$(echo "scale=0; $key_buffer_free / 1" | bc -l)
else
key_cache_miss_rate=$(($key_read_requests/$key_reads))
if [ ! -z $key_blocks_unused ] ; then
key_buffer_free=$(echo "$key_blocks_unused * $key_cache_block_size / $key_buffer_size * 100" | bc -l )
key_buffer_freeRND=$(echo "scale=0; $key_buffer_free / 1" | bc -l)
else
key_buffer_free='Unknown'
key_buffer_freeRND=75
fi
fi

human_readable $myisam_indexes myisam_indexesHR
cecho "Current MyISAM index space = $myisam_indexesHR $unit"

human_readable $key_buffer_size key_buffer_sizeHR
cecho "Current key_buffer_size = $key_buffer_sizeHR $unit"
cecho "Key cache miss rate is 1 : $key_cache_miss_rate"
cecho "Key buffer free ratio = $key_buffer_freeRND %"

if [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] && [ $mysql_version_num -lt '5123' ] ; then
if [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo "x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686" | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
cecho "Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.1.23 " $boldred
cecho "See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446" $boldred
fi
fi
if [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] && [ $mysql_version_num -lt '5052' ] ; then
if [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo "x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686" | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
cecho "Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.0.52 " $boldred
cecho "See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446" $boldred
fi
fi
if [ "$major_version" = '4.1' -o "$major_version" = '4.0' ] && [ $key_buffer_size -ge 4294967296 ] && ( echo "x86_64 ppc64 ia64 sparc64 i686" | grep -q $mysql_version_compile_machine ) ; then
cecho "Using key_buffer_size > 4GB will cause instability in versions prior to 5.0.52 " $boldred
cecho "Reduce key_buffer_size to a safe value" $boldred
cecho "See Bug#5731, Bug#29419, Bug#29446" $boldred
fi

if [ $key_cache_miss_rate -le 100 ] && [ $key_cache_miss_rate -gt 0 ] && [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 20 ]; then
cecho "You could increase key_buffer_size" $boldred
cecho "It is safe to raise this up to 1/4 of total system memory;"
cecho "assuming this is a dedicated database server."
elif [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 20 ] && [ $key_buffer_size -le $myisam_indexes ] ; then
cecho "You could increase key_buffer_size" $boldred
cecho "It is safe to raise this up to 1/4 of total system memory;"
cecho "assuming this is a dedicated database server."
elif [ $key_cache_miss_rate -ge 10000 ] || [ $key_buffer_freeRND -le 50 ] ; then
cecho "Your key_buffer_size seems to be too high." $red
cecho "Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere" $red
else
cecho "Your key_buffer_size seems to be fine" $green
fi
}

check_query_cache () {

## -- Query Cache -- ##

cecho "QUERY CACHE" $boldblue

mysql_variable \'version\' mysql_version
mysql_variable \'query_cache_size\' query_cache_size
mysql_variable \'query_cache_limit\' query_cache_limit
mysql_variable \'query_cache_min_res_unit\' query_cache_min_res_unit
mysql_status \'Qcache_free_memory\' qcache_free_memory
mysql_status \'Qcache_total_blocks\' qcache_total_blocks
mysql_status \'Qcache_free_blocks\' qcache_free_blocks
mysql_status \'Qcache_lowmem_prunes\' qcache_lowmem_prunes

if [ -z $query_cache_size ] ; then
cecho "You are using MySQL $mysql_version, no query cache is supported." $red
cecho "I recommend an upgrade to MySQL 4.1 or better" $red
elif [ $query_cache_size -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "Query cache is supported but not enabled" $red
cecho "Perhaps you should set the query_cache_size" $red
else
qcache_used_memory=$(($query_cache_size-$qcache_free_memory))
qcache_mem_fill_ratio=$(echo "scale=2; $qcache_used_memory * 100 / $query_cache_size" | bc -l)
qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR=$(echo "scale=0; $qcache_mem_fill_ratio / 1" | bc -l)

cecho "Query cache is enabled" $green
human_readable $query_cache_size query_cache_sizeHR
cecho "Current query_cache_size = $query_cache_sizeHR $unit"
human_readable $qcache_used_memory qcache_used_memoryHR
cecho "Current query_cache_used = $qcache_used_memoryHR $unit"
human_readable $query_cache_limit query_cache_limitHR
cecho "Current query_cache_limit = $query_cache_limitHR $unit"
cecho "Current Query cache Memory fill ratio = $qcache_mem_fill_ratio %"
human_readable $query_cache_min_res_unit query_cache_min_res_unitHR
cecho "Current query_cache_min_res_unit = $query_cache_min_res_unitHR $unit"
if [ $qcache_free_blocks -gt 2 ] && [ $qcache_total_blocks -gt 0 ] ; then
qcache_percent_fragmented=$(echo "scale=2; $qcache_free_blocks * 100 / $qcache_total_blocks" | bc -l)
qcache_percent_fragmentedHR=$(echo "scale=0; $qcache_percent_fragmented / 1" | bc -l)
if [ $qcache_percent_fragmentedHR -gt 20 ] ; then
cecho "Query Cache is $qcache_percent_fragmentedHR % fragmented" $red
cecho "Run \"FLUSH QUERY CACHE\" periodically to defragment the query cache memory" $red
cecho "If you have many small queries lower 'query_cache_min_res_unit' to reduce fragmentation." $red
fi
fi

if [ $qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR -le 25 ] ; then
cecho "Your query_cache_size seems to be too high." $red
cecho "Perhaps you can use these resources elsewhere" $red
fi
if [ $qcache_lowmem_prunes -ge 50 ] && [ $qcache_mem_fill_ratioHR -ge 80 ]; then
cecho "However, \c"
cecho "$qcache_lowmem_prunes \c" $boldred
cecho "queries have been removed from the query cache due to lack of memory"
cecho "Perhaps you should raise query_cache_size" $boldred
fi
cecho "MySQL won't cache query results that are larger than query_cache_limit in size" $yellow
fi

}

check_sort_operations () {

## -- Sort Operations -- ##

cecho "SORT OPERATIONS" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Sort_merge_passes\' sort_merge_passes
mysql_status \'Sort_scan\' sort_scan
mysql_status \'Sort_range\' sort_range
mysql_variable \'sort_buffer%\' sort_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'read_rnd_buffer_size\' read_rnd_buffer_size

total_sorts=$(($sort_scan+$sort_range))
if [ -z $read_rnd_buffer_size ] ; then
mysql_variable \'record_buffer\' read_rnd_buffer_size
fi

## Correct for rounding error in mysqld where 512K != 524288 ##
sort_buffer_size=$(($sort_buffer_size+8))
read_rnd_buffer_size=$(($read_rnd_buffer_size+8))

human_readable $sort_buffer_size sort_buffer_sizeHR
cecho "Current sort_buffer_size = $sort_buffer_sizeHR $unit"

human_readable $read_rnd_buffer_size read_rnd_buffer_sizeHR
cecho "Current \c"
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
cecho "record_rnd_buffer \c"
else
cecho "read_rnd_buffer_size \c"
fi
cecho "= $read_rnd_buffer_sizeHR $unit"

if [ $total_sorts -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "No sort operations have been performed"
passes_per_sort=0
fi
if [ $sort_merge_passes -ne 0 ] ; then
passes_per_sort=$(($sort_merge_passes/$total_sorts))
else
passes_per_sort=0
fi

if [ $passes_per_sort -ge 2 ] ; then
cecho "On average \c"
cecho "$passes_per_sort \c" $boldred
cecho "sort merge passes are made per sort operation"
cecho "You should raise your sort_buffer_size"
cecho "You should also raise your \c"
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
cecho "record_rnd_buffer_size"
else
cecho "read_rnd_buffer_size"
fi
else
cecho "Sort buffer seems to be fine" $green
fi
}

check_join_operations () {

## -- Joins -- ##

cecho "JOINS" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Select_full_join\' select_full_join
mysql_status \'Select_range_check\' select_range_check
mysql_variable \'join_buffer%\' join_buffer_size

## Some 4K is dropped from join_buffer_size adding it back to make sane ##
## handling of human-readable conversion ##

join_buffer_size=$(($join_buffer_size+4096))

human_readable $join_buffer_size join_buffer_sizeHR 2

cecho "Current join_buffer_size = $join_buffer_sizeHR $unit"
cecho "You have had $select_full_join queries where a join could not use an index properly"

if [ $select_range_check -eq 0 ] && [ $select_full_join -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "Your joins seem to be using indexes properly" $green
fi
if [ $select_full_join -gt 0 ] ; then
print_error='true'
raise_buffer='true'
fi
if [ $select_range_check -gt 0 ] ; then
cecho "You have had $select_range_check joins without keys that check for key usage after each row" $red
print_error='true'
raise_buffer='true'
fi

## For Debuging ##
# print_error='true'
if [ $join_buffer_size -ge 4194304 ] ; then
cecho "join_buffer_size >= 4 M" $boldred
cecho "This is not advised" $boldred
raise_buffer=
fi

if [ $print_error ] ; then
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] || [ "$major_version" = '4.0' ] ; then
cecho "You should enable \"log-long-format\" "
elif [ "$major_version" = '4.1' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.0' ] || [ "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
cecho "You should enable \"log-queries-not-using-indexes\""
fi
cecho "Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log."
if [ $raise_buffer ] ; then
cecho "If you are unable to optimize your queries you may want to increase your"
cecho "join_buffer_size to accommodate larger joins in one pass.\n"
cecho "Note! This script will still suggest raising the join_buffer_size when" $boldred
cecho "ANY joins not using indexes are found." $boldred
fi
fi

# XXX Add better tests for join_buffer_size XXX #
}

check_tmp_tables () {

## -- Temp Tables -- ##

cecho "TEMP TABLES" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Created_tmp_tables\' created_tmp_tables
mysql_status \'Created_tmp_disk_tables\' created_tmp_disk_tables
mysql_variable \'tmp_table_size\' tmp_table_size
mysql_variable \'max_heap_table_size\' max_heap_table_size


if [ $created_tmp_tables -eq 0 ] ; then
tmp_disk_tables=0
else
tmp_disk_tables=$((created_tmp_disk_tables*100/(created_tmp_tables+created_tmp_disk_tables)))
fi
human_readable $max_heap_table_size max_heap_table_sizeHR
cecho "Current max_heap_table_size = $max_heap_table_sizeHR $unit"

human_readable $tmp_table_size tmp_table_sizeHR
cecho "Current tmp_table_size = $tmp_table_sizeHR $unit"

cecho "Of $created_tmp_tables temp tables, $tmp_disk_tables% were created on disk"
if [ $tmp_table_size -gt $max_heap_table_size ] ; then
cecho "Effective in-memory tmp_table_size is limited to max_heap_table_size." $yellow
fi
if [ $tmp_disk_tables -ge 25 ] ; then
cecho "Perhaps you should increase your tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size" $boldred
cecho "to reduce the number of disk-based temporary tables" $boldred
cecho "Note! BLOB and TEXT columns are not allow in memory tables." $yellow
cecho "If you are using these columns raising these values might not impact your " $yellow
cecho "ratio of on disk temp tables." $yellow
else
cecho "Created disk tmp tables ratio seems fine" $green
fi
}

check_open_files () {

## -- Open Files Limit -- ##
cecho "OPEN FILES LIMIT" $boldblue

mysql_variable \'open_files_limit\' open_files_limit
mysql_status \'Open_files\' open_files

if [ -z $open_files_limit ] || [ $open_files_limit -eq 0 ] ; then
open_files_limit=$(ulimit -n)
cant_override=1
else
cant_override=0
fi
cecho "Current open_files_limit = $open_files_limit files"

open_files_ratio=$(($open_files*100/$open_files_limit))

cecho "The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x" $yellow
cecho "that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage." $yellow
if [ $open_files_ratio -ge 75 ] ; then
cecho "You currently have open more than 75% of your open_files_limit" $boldred
if [ $cant_override -eq 1 ] ; then
cecho "You should set a higer value for ulimit -u in the mysql startup script then restart mysqld" $boldred
cecho "MySQL 3.23 users : This is just a guess based upon the current shell's ulimit -u value" $yellow
elif [ $cant_override -eq 0 ] ; then
cecho "You should set a higher value for open_files_limit in my.cnf" $boldred
else
cecho "ERROR can't determine if mysqld override of ulimit is allowed" $boldred
exit 1
fi
else
cecho "Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine" $green
fi



}

check_table_cache () {

## -- Table Cache -- ##

cecho "TABLE CACHE" $boldblue

mysql_variable \'datadir\' datadir
mysql_variable \'table_cache\' table_cache

## /* MySQL +5.1 version of table_cache */ ##
mysql_variable \'table_open_cache\' table_open_cache
mysql_variable \'table_definition_cache\' table_definition_cache

mysql_status \'Open_tables\' open_tables
mysql_status \'Opened_tables\' opened_tables
mysql_status \'Open_table_definitions\' open_table_definitions

table_count=$($mysql -Bse "/*!50000 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE' */")

if [ -z "$table_count" ] ; then
if [ "$UID" != "$socket_owner" ] && [ "$UID" != "0" ] ; then
cecho "You are not '$socket_owner' or 'root'" $red
cecho "I am unable to determine the table_count!" $red
else
table_count=$(find $datadir 2>&1 | grep -c .frm$)
fi
fi
if [ $table_open_cache ] ; then
table_cache=$table_open_cache
fi

if [ $opened_tables -ne 0 ] && [ $table_cache -ne 0 ] ; then
table_cache_hit_rate=$(($open_tables*100/$opened_tables))
table_cache_fill=$(($open_tables*100/$table_cache))
elif [ $opened_tables -eq 0 ] && [ $table_cache -ne 0 ] ; then
table_cache_hit_rate=100
table_cache_fill=$(($open_tables*100/$table_cache))
else
cecho "ERROR no table_cache ?!" $boldred
exit 1
fi
if [ $table_cache ] && [ ! $table_open_cache ] ; then
cecho "Current table_cache value = $table_cache tables"
fi
if [ $table_open_cache ] ; then
cecho "Current table_open_cache = $table_open_cache tables"
cecho "Current table_definition_cache = $table_definition_cache tables"
fi
if [ $table_count ] ; then
cecho "You have a total of $table_count tables"
fi

if [ $table_cache_fill -lt 95 ] ; then
cecho "You have \c"
cecho "$open_tables \c" $green
cecho "open tables."
cecho "The table_cache value seems to be fine" $green
elif [ $table_cache_hit_rate -le 85 -o $table_cache_fill -ge 95 ]; then
cecho "You have \c"
cecho "$open_tables \c" $boldred
cecho "open tables."
cecho "Current table_cache hit rate is \c"
cecho "$table_cache_hit_rate%\c" $boldred
cecho ", while \c"
cecho "$table_cache_fill% \c" $boldred
cecho "of your table cache is in use"
cecho "You should probably increase your table_cache" $red
else
cecho "Current table_cache hit rate is \c"
cecho "$table_cache_hit_rate%\c" $green
cecho ", while \c"
cecho "$table_cache_fill% \c" $green
cecho "of your table cache is in use"
cecho "The table cache value seems to be fine" $green
fi
if [ $table_definition_cache ] && [ $table_definition_cache -le $table_count ] && [ $table_count -ge 100 ] ; then
cecho "You should probably increase your table_definition_cache value." $red
fi
}

check_table_locking () {

## -- Table Locking -- ##

cecho "TABLE LOCKING" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Table_locks_waited\' table_locks_waited
mysql_status \'Table_locks_immediate\' table_locks_immediate
mysql_variable \'concurrent_insert\' concurrent_insert
mysql_variable \'low_priority_updates\' low_priority_updates
if [ "$concurrent_insert" = 'ON' ]; then
concurrent_insert=1
elif [ "$concurrent_insert" = 'OFF' ]; then
concurrent_insert=0
fi

cecho "Current Lock Wait ratio = \c"
if [ $table_locks_waited -gt 0 ]; then
immediate_locks_miss_rate=$(($table_locks_immediate/$table_locks_waited))
cecho "1 : $immediate_locks_miss_rate" $red
else
immediate_locks_miss_rate=99999 # perfect
cecho "0 : $questions"
fi
if [ $immediate_locks_miss_rate -lt 5000 ] ; then
cecho "You may benefit from selective use of InnoDB."
if [ "$low_priority_updates" = 'OFF' ] ; then
cecho "If you have long running SELECT's against MyISAM tables and perform"
cecho "frequent updates consider setting 'low_priority_updates=1'"
fi
if [ $concurrent_insert -le 1 ] && [ "$major_version" = '5.0' -o "$major_version" = '5.1' ] ; then
cecho "If you have a high concurrency of inserts on Dynamic row-length tables"
cecho "consider setting 'concurrent_insert=2'."
fi
else
cecho "Your table locking seems to be fine" $green
fi
}

check_table_scans () {

## -- Table Scans -- ##

cecho "TABLE SCANS" $boldblue

mysql_status \'Com_select\' com_select
mysql_status \'Handler_read_rnd_next\' read_rnd_next
mysql_variable \'read_buffer_size\' read_buffer_size

if [ -z $read_buffer_size ] ; then
mysql_variable \'record_buffer\' read_buffer_size
fi

human_readable $read_buffer_size read_buffer_sizeHR
cecho "Current read_buffer_size = $read_buffer_sizeHR $unit"

if [ $com_select -gt 0 ] ; then
full_table_scans=$(($read_rnd_next/$com_select))
cecho "Current table scan ratio = $full_table_scans : 1"
if [ $full_table_scans -ge 4000 ] && [ $read_buffer_size -le 2097152 ] ; then
cecho "You have a high ratio of sequential access requests to SELECTs" $red
cecho "You may benefit from raising \c" $red
if [ "$major_version" = '3.23' ] ; then
cecho "record_buffer \c" $red
else
cecho "read_buffer_size \c" $red
fi
cecho "and/or improving your use of indexes." $red
elif [ $read_buffer_size -gt 8388608 ] ; then
cecho "read_buffer_size is over 8 MB \c" $red
cecho "there is probably no need for such a large read_buffer" $red

else
cecho "read_buffer_size seems to be fine" $green
fi
else
cecho "read_buffer_size seems to be fine" $green
fi
}


check_innodb_status () {

## -- InnoDB -- ##

mysql_variable \'have_innodb\' have_innodb

if [ "$have_innodb" = "YES" ] ; then
mysql_variable \'innodb_buffer_pool_size\' innodb_buffer_pool_size
mysql_variable \'innodb_additional_mem_pool_size\' innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
mysql_variable \'innodb_fast_shutdown\' innodb_fast_shutdown
mysql_variable \'innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit\' innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
mysql_variable \'innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog\' innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog
mysql_variable \'innodb_log_buffer_size\' innodb_log_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'innodb_log_file_size\' innodb_log_file_size
mysql_variable \'innodb_log_files_in_group\' innodb_log_files_in_group
mysql_variable \'innodb_safe_binlog\' innodb_safe_binlog
mysql_variable \'innodb_thread_concurrency\' innodb_thread_concurrency

echo
cecho "INNODB STATUS" $boldblue
innodb_indexes=$($mysql -Bse "/*!50000 SELECT SUM(INDEX_LENGTH) from information_schema.TABLES where ENGINE='InnoDB' */")

if [ ! -z "$innodb_indexes" ] ; then

mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data\' innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data
mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc\' innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc
mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free\' innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free
mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total\' innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total

mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq\' innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_seq
mysql_status \'Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests\' innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests

mysql_status \'Innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs\' innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs
mysql_status \'Innodb_os_log_pending_writes\' innodb_os_log_pending_writes
mysql_status \'Innodb_log_waits\' innodb_log_waits

mysql_status \'Innodb_row_lock_time\' innodb_row_lock_time
mysql_status \'Innodb_row_lock_waits\' innodb_row_lock_waits

human_readable $innodb_indexes innodb_indexesHR
cecho "Current InnoDB index space = $innodb_indexesHR $unit"
else
cecho "Cannot find InnoDB index space prior to 5.0.x" $red
fi

human_readable $innodb_buffer_pool_size innodb_buffer_pool_sizeHR
cecho "Current innodb_buffer_pool_size = $innodb_buffer_pool_sizeHR $unit"
cecho "Depending on how much space your innodb indexes take up it may be safe"
cecho "to increase this value to up to 1 / 3 of total system memory"
echo
$mysql -s -e "SHOW /*!50000 ENGINE */ INNODB STATUS\G"
else
cecho "No InnoDB Support Enabled!" $boldred
fi
}

total_memory_used () {

## -- Total Memory Usage -- ##
cecho "MEMORY USAGE" $boldblue

mysql_variable \'read_buffer_size\' read_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'read_rnd_buffer_size\' read_rnd_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'sort_buffer_size\' sort_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'thread_stack\' thread_stack
mysql_variable \'max_connections\' max_connections
mysql_variable \'join_buffer_size\' join_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'tmp_table_size\' tmp_table_size
mysql_variable \'max_heap_table_size\' max_heap_table_size
mysql_variable \'log_bin\' log_bin
mysql_status \'Max_used_connections\' max_used_connections

if [ "$major_version" = "3.23" ] ; then
mysql_variable \'record_buffer\' read_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'record_rnd_buffer\' read_rnd_buffer_size
mysql_variable \'sort_buffer\' sort_buffer_size
fi

if [ "$log_bin" = "ON" ] ; then
mysql_variable \'binlog_cache_size\' binlog_cache_size
else
binlog_cache_size=0
fi

if [ $max_heap_table_size -le $tmp_table_size ] ; then
effective_tmp_table_size=$max_heap_table_size
else
effective_tmp_table_size=$tmp_table_size
fi


per_thread_buffers=$(echo "($read_buffer_size+$read_rnd_buffer_size+$sort_buffer_size+$thread_stack+$join_buffer_size+$binlog_cache_size)*$max_connections" | bc -l)
per_thread_max_buffers=$(echo "($read_buffer_size+$read_rnd_buffer_size+$sort_buffer_size+$thread_stack+$join_buffer_size+$binlog_cache_size)*$max_used_connections" | bc -l)

mysql_variable \'innodb_buffer_pool_size\' innodb_buffer_pool_size
if [ -z $innodb_buffer_pool_size ] ; then
innodb_buffer_pool_size=0
fi

mysql_variable \'innodb_additional_mem_pool_size\' innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
if [ -z $innodb_additional_mem_pool_size ] ; then
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=0
fi

mysql_variable \'innodb_log_buffer_size\' innodb_log_buffer_size
if [ -z $innodb_log_buffer_size ] ; then
innodb_log_buffer_size=0
fi

mysql_variable \'key_buffer_size\' key_buffer_size

mysql_variable \'query_cache_size\' query_cache_size
if [ -z $query_cache_size ] ; then
query_cache_size=0
fi

global_buffers=$(echo "$innodb_buffer_pool_size+$innodb_additional_mem_pool_size+$innodb_log_buffer_size+$key_buffer_size+$query_cache_size" | bc -l)


max_memory=$(echo "$global_buffers+$per_thread_max_buffers" | bc -l)
total_memory=$(echo "$global_buffers+$per_thread_buffers" | bc -l)

pct_of_sys_mem=$(echo "scale=0; $total_memory*100/$physical_memory" | bc -l)

if [ $pct_of_sys_mem -gt 90 ] ; then
txt_color=$boldred
error=1
else
txt_color=
error=0
fi

human_readable $max_memory max_memoryHR
cecho "Max Memory Ever Allocated : $max_memoryHR $unit" $txt_color
human_readable $per_thread_buffers per_thread_buffersHR
cecho "Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : $per_thread_buffersHR $unit" $txt_color
human_readable $global_buffers global_buffersHR
cecho "Configured Max Global Buffers : $global_buffersHR $unit" $txt_color
human_readable $total_memory total_memoryHR
cecho "Configured Max Memory Limit : $total_memoryHR $unit" $txt_color
# human_readable $effective_tmp_table_size effective_tmp_table_sizeHR
# cecho "Plus $effective_tmp_table_sizeHR $unit per temporary table created"
human_readable $physical_memory physical_memoryHR
cecho "Physical Memory : $physical_memoryHR $unit" $txt_color
if [ $error -eq 1 ] ; then
cecho "\nMax memory limit exceeds 90% of physical memory" $txt_color
else
cecho "Max memory limit seem to be within acceptable norms" $green
fi
unset txt_color
}

snarky () {

## -- Be Snarky -- ##

fortune=$(which fortune 2>/dev/null)
if [ -z $fortune ] ; then
echo "What the hell sort of straight-lace bastard doesn't have fortune installed?"
else
$fortune
fi
}

## Required Functions ##

login_validation () {
check_for_socket # determine the socket location -- 1st login
check_for_plesk_passwords # determine the login method -- 2nd login
check_mysql_login # determine if mysql is accepting login -- 3rd login
export major_version=$($mysql -Bse "SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), '.', +2)")
export mysql_version_num=$($mysql -Bse "SELECT LEFT(REPLACE(SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), '-', +1), '.', ''),4)" )
}

shared_info () {
export major_version=$($mysql -Bse "SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), '.', +2)")
export mysql_version_num=$($mysql -Bse "SELECT LEFT(REPLACE(SUBSTRING_INDEX(VERSION(), '-', +1), '.', ''),4)" )
mysql_status \'Questions\' questions
# socket_owner=$(find -L $socket -printf '%u\n')
socket_owner=$(ls -nH $socket | awk '{ print $3 }')
}


get_system_info () {

export OS=$(uname)

# Get information for various UNIXes
if [ "$OS" = 'Darwin' ]; then
ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }' | head -1)
found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }')
export physical_memory=$(sysctl -n hw.memsize)
export duflags=''
elif [ "$OS" = 'FreeBSD' ] || [ "$OS" = 'OpenBSD' ]; then
## On FreeBSD must be root to locate sockets.
ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }' | head -1)
found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }')
export physical_memory=$(sysctl -n hw.realmem)
export duflags=''
elif [ "$OS" = 'Linux' ] ; then
## Includes SWAP
## export physical_memory=$(free -b | grep -v buffers | awk '{ s += $2 } END { printf("%.0f\n", s ) }')
ps_socket=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }' | head -1)
found_socks=$(netstat -ln | awk '/mysql(d)?\.sock/ { print $9 }')
export physical_memory=$(awk '/^MemTotal/ { printf("%.0f", $2*1024 ) }' < /proc/meminfo) export duflags='-b' elif [ "$OS" = 'SunOS' ] ; then ps_socket=$(netstat -a | awk '/mysql(d)?.sock/ { print $5 }' | head -1) found_socks=$(netstat -a | awk '/mysql(d)?.sock/ { print $5 }') export physical_memory=$(prtconf | awk '/^Memory\ size:/ { print $3*1048576 }') fi } ## Optional Components Groups ## banner_info () { shared_info print_banner ; echo check_mysql_version ; echo post_uptime_warning ; echo } misc () { shared_info check_slow_queries ; echo check_binary_log ; echo check_threads ; echo check_used_connections ; echo } memory () { shared_info total_memory_used ; echo check_key_buffer_size ; echo check_query_cache ; echo check_sort_operations ; echo check_join_operations ; echo } file () { shared_info check_open_files ; echo check_table_cache ; echo check_tmp_tables ; echo check_table_scans ; echo check_table_locking ; echo } all () { banner_info misc memory file # snarky } prompt () { prompted='true' read -p "Username [anonymous] : " user read -rp "Password [] : " pass
cecho "\n\c"
read -p "Socket [ /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ] : " socket
if [ -z $socket ] ; then
export socket='/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
fi

if [ -z $pass ] ; then
export mysql="mysql -S $socket -u$user"
export mysqladmin="mysqladmin -S $socket -u$user"
else
export mysql="mysql -S $socket -u$user -p$pass"
export mysqladmin="mysqladmin -S $socket -u$user -p$pass"
fi

check_for_socket
check_mysql_login

if [ $? = 1 ] ; then
exit 1
fi
read -p "Mode to test - banner, file, misc, mem, innodb, [all] : " REPLY
if [ -z $REPLY ] ; then
REPLY='all'
fi
case $REPLY in
banner | BANNER | header | HEADER | head | HEAD)
banner_info
;;
misc | MISC | miscelaneous )
misc
;;
mem | memory | MEM | MEMORY )
memory
;;
file | FILE | disk | DISK )
file
;;
innodb | INNODB )
innodb
;;
all | ALL )
cecho "\n\c"
all
;;
* )
cecho "Invalid Mode! Valid options are 'banner', 'misc', 'memory', 'file', 'innodb' or 'all'" $boldred
exit 1
;;
esac
}

## Address environmental differences ##
get_system_info
# echo $ps_socket

if [ -z "$1" ] ; then
login_validation
mode='ALL'
elif [ "$1" = "prompt" ] || [ "$1" = "PROMPT" ] ; then
mode=$1
elif [ "$1" != "prompt" ] || [ "$1" != "PROMPT" ] ; then
login_validation
mode=$1
fi

case $mode in
all | ALL )
cecho "\n\c"
all
;;
mem | memory | MEM | MEMORY )
cecho "\n\c"
memory
;;
file | FILE | disk | DISK )
cecho "\n\c"
file
;;
banner | BANNER | header | HEADER | head | HEAD )
banner_info
;;
misc | MISC | miscelaneous )
cecho "\n\c"
misc
;;
innodb | INNODB )
banner_info
check_innodb_status ; echo
;;
prompt | PROMPT )
prompt
;;
*)
cecho "usage: $0 [ all | banner | file | innodb | memory | misc | promp ]" $boldred
exit 1
;;
esac